Factors affecting Osmosis in Potato Tissue Essays

Factors affecting Osmosis in Potato Tissue Essays Factors affecting Osmosis in Potato Tissue Paper Factors affecting Osmosis in Potato Tissue Paper We will connect the calibrated gas syringe to the side armed flask. We will place the strip of magnesium ribbon into the side armed flask at the same time as putting in the bung and starting the stop clock. We will time how long the reaction takes until it is stopped and record the results. The only things we are changing are we are making is to make the magnesium ribbon a zig zag shape because when we had it straight we found that it didnt totally fit in the side armed flask so that it was all covered in hydrochloric acid. This meant that only one half of the magnesium was reacting. We couldnt fold the ribbon in half because then the insides of the magnesium could not react. The other thing we have changed is the length of the magnesium ribbon, so instead of being 4cms, it is 8cms. Fair test: There are several factors that we have to consider to make the experiments a fair test. These are: 1. Concentration of the hydrochloric acid 2. Temperature 3. Volume of the acid 4. Length, width, depth of the magnesium 5. Presence of a catalyst 6. Curled or straight magnesium The things that we must keep the same or change: 1. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is the only thing that we change. 2. Temperature stays the same. 3. The volume of the acid stays the same. 4. The length and width and depth will all be the same, because we can measure the length and the width and depth will be the same because all our magnesium will be taken from the same roll of magnesium ribbon. 5. There will be no catalyst present. 6. We will have straight magnesium ribbon. Observations: We have drawn up the tables of the results we got from the experiments. We have also done graphs. The tables show the time against the volume of hydrogen, and the graphs show the same thing, with a best fit curve. We can see that when the curve on the graph goes up, the volume of the hydrogen is increasing, but the rate of reaction is decreasing. Results: Results table 1 (3 molar) Time (s) Volume of hydrogen (cm )1 2 3 average 2 Analysis: We did the experiment and we have made tables showing the time taken for the reaction, and the volume of hydrogen collected at each of these times. We also drew graphs showing the same thing and with a best fit curve. With the graphs it is possible to find the volume of hydrogen collected at any time, not just at the times which we measured. We can do this by going up to the curve at the time we want to find the volume of hydrogen for (e. g. 7 seconds) and then going across to find the volume of hydrogen at that time. We found the rate of reaction using the graphs. We drew a tangent to the graph right at the beginning as it is the initial rate that we are interested in. Then we joined the lines to make a triangle. Then using rise over run, we found the gradient, which tells us the rate of reaction. E. g. : Experiment 1: Rate of reaction = rise = 46. 5 = 1. 86 run 25 Concentration (molar) Rate of reaction 1 1. 86 1. 5 5. 38 2 7. 88 2. 5 15. 0 3 35. 6 I then drew another graph on which I plotted the concentrations against the rate of reaction. I drew a best fit curve which went through all the point, except two of them. At 1. 5 the point was just above the graph and at 2. 5 the point was below the curve. I put this down to experimental error. Points read off the graph: Rate number Point read of on the x axis (concentration of acid) Point read off on the y axis (rate of reaction) R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 My prediction was that if we doubled the concentration of the hydrochloric acid then the reaction rate would double. We are going to use a range of 3 to 1 molar so we have two doubles which are 1 and 2 and 1. 5 and 3. This means that our results will be directly proportional. From looking at our results, and the table of concentration and rate of reaction, we can see that the rate of reaction did not double when the concentration doubled. This is because the formula for this experiment is: Mg + 2Hcl MgCl + H There is one magnesium particle reacting with two hydrochloric acid particles. It is not possible for three particles to react at the same time, so the magnesium reacts with the first hydrochloric acid particle and that rate of reaction is doubled. Then the ones which have just reacted, reacts with the second hydrochloric acid particle, and that rate of reaction is also double, so it makes it quadruple. We can see that in my results the first doubled concentration (one and two) quadrupled. This means that my prediction is partially correct because I said that the results would be directly proportional, and they are. The second doubled concentration (1. 5 and 3) have not doubled, or quadrupled so they do not agree with what my prediction says. This means that there must be some experimental errors in these experiments, as the first one did partially agree with my prediction. I will talk about these experimental errors in my evaluation. Evaluation: We got these results by doing each experiment three times. We did each one three times because it is a lot more accurate to repeat each one, that to just do one experiment. This is because if we had only done one experiment and we had made a mistake which we didnt know about, then the results would have been wrong. By repeating the experiments three times we can check to see that all three sets of results are relatively similar, as well as taking an average to plot the points on a graph. It would have been more accurate however, to repeat each experiments more times for example we could have repeated each one five times instead of three. There is some experimental error. There are some reasons for this. We used an 100cm measuring cylinder, and the error of this is always plus or minus 1cm . To make this more accurate we could have used a burette. This is more accurate and the error is only plus or minus 0. 1cm . We can see from the five graphs that we have drawn, that there are some anomalous results. We do not have very many anomalies which mean that the experiments were quite accurate. In graph 2 there is an anomaly at 9 seconds. It is just below the curve so it could have occurred because there was just slightly too little hydrochloric acid to make up the right concentration, in one of our three repeats of this experiment. This would mean that it brought the average down for this time. There is another anomaly in graph 3 which probably occurred for the same reason. There are however other reason why these anomalies may have occurred. The magnesium ribbon, although always the same length, may not be the same width and also may not have weighed the same. There are also two anomalies on the graph on which I plotted rate of reaction against concentration, at 1. 5 molar and 2. 5 molar on the x axis. These are dues to some sort of experimental error. Another reason is that possibly the concentration of the hydrochloric acid was slightly different each of the three times we repeated each experiment. With the highest concentrations of hydrochloric acid, the reaction was over very fast, and the initial rate, which is what we are most interested in, was so fast that it was hard to measure the volume of hydrogen collected at exactly regular intervals. We might have been a fraction of a second out and that would have made a lot of difference to each individual result. I think that it altogether the procedure used to carry out the investigation is quite accurate and suitable. There are thing which could have been done to improve it. There are many limitations to this experiment because it is difficult to be exact with such limited apparatus. It is difficult to put the magnesium into the hydrochloric acid at the same time as putting the bung in and starting the stop clock. This means that some of the magnesium may already have reacted with the hydrochloric acid before it was possible to put the bung into the side armed flask. To find out more relevant information, we could have used a wider range of concentrations as then we could have seen more proof of our prediction being partially correct. I think that altogether the results are quite good and accurate because I have so few anomalies, and this is proof that it is quite accurate, because we can see where the inaccuracies are (where there are anomalies) and there arent many. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

The Most Common Loan Words in Japanese

The Most Common Loan Words in Japanese The Japanese language has borrowed many words from foreign countries, firstly from China as early as the Nara Period (710-794). Gairaigo (Ã¥ ¤â€"æ  ¥Ã¨ ªÅ¾) is the Japanese word for loan word or borrowed word. Many Chinese words were mixed into Japanese to the extent that they are no longer considered loan words. Most Chinese loan words are written in kanji and carry the Chinese reading (on-reading). Around the 17th century, the Japanese language began to borrow from many western languages. For example, from Portuguese, Dutch, German (especially from the field of medicine), French and Italian (not surprisingly many are from the fields of art, music, and food), and most of all, English. Today, English is the origin of most modern loan words.​ The Japanese use English words to express concepts for which they have no equivalents. However, some people simply prefer to use English expressions for practically or because it is fashionable. In fact, many loan words have existing synonyms in Japanese. For example, the Japanese word for business is shoubai 商å £ ², but the loan word bijinesu ãÆ'“ã‚ ¸Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¹ is also used. Another example is gyuunyuu 牛ä ¹ ³(Japanese word) and miruku ãÆ'ŸãÆ' «Ã£â€š ¯(loan word) for milk. Loan words are generally written in katakana, except the ones of Chinese origin. They are pronounced using Japanese pronunciation rules and Japanese syllables. Therefore, they end up quite different from the original pronunciation. This makes it hard to recognize the original foreign word. Many loan words are often abbreviated in ways they wouldnt get abbreviated in their original language. Examples of Loan Words Maiku ãÆ'žã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¯ microphoneSuupaa ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ¼ supermarketDepaato ãÆ'‡ãÆ'‘ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ - department storeBiru ãÆ'“ãÆ' « buildingIrasuto ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆ illustrationMeeku ãÆ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¯ make-upDaiya ãÆ'€ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ¤ diamond Multiple words are also shortened, often to four syllables. Pasokon ãÆ'‘ã‚ ½Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ³ personal computerWaapuro ãÆ' ¯Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'â€"ãÆ' ­ word processorAmefuto ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ'•ãÆ'ˆ American footballPuroresu ãÆ'â€"ãÆ' ­Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£â€š ¹ professional wrestlingKonbini ã‚ ³Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'“ãÆ'‹ convenience storeEakon ã‚ ¨Ã£â€š ¢Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ' ³ air conditioningMasukomi ãÆ'žã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ³Ã£Æ'Ÿ mass media (from mass communication) A loan word can be generative. It may be combined with Japanese or other loanwords. Here are some examples. Shouene çÅ" Ã£â€š ¨Ã£Æ'  energy savingShokupan é £Å¸Ã£Æ'‘ãÆ' ³ loaf of breadKeitora è » ½Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' © light commercial truckNatsumero 㠁 ªÃ£  ¤Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ­ a once-popular song Loan words are often combined into Japanese as nouns. When they are combined with suru, it changes the word into a verb. The verb suru (to do) has many extended uses. Doraibu suru ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€"㠁™ã‚‹ to driveKisu suru ã‚ ­Ã£â€š ¹Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ to kissNokku suru ãÆ'ŽãÆ'Æ'ã‚ ¯Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ to knockTaipu suru ã‚ ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'â€"㠁™ã‚‹ to type There are also loan words that are actually made in Japan. For example, sarariiman ã‚ µÃ£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ³(salary man) refers to someone whose income is salary base, generally the people work for corporations. Another example, naitaa ãÆ'Šã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼, comes from the English word night followed by ~er, means baseball games played at night. Common Loan Words Arubaito ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ' Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'ˆ part-time job (from German arbeit)Enjin ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¸Ã£Æ' ³ engineGamu ã‚ ¬Ã£Æ'   chewing gumKamera ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' © cameraGarasu ã‚ ¬Ã£Æ' ©Ã£â€š ¹ glassKarendaa ã‚ «Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ۋÆ' ¼ calendarTerebi ãÆ'†ãÆ' ¬Ã£Æ'“ televisionHoteru ãÆ'݋Æ'†ãÆ' « hotelResutoran ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¹Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³ restaurantTonneru ãÆ'ˆãÆ' ³Ã£Æ' Ã£Æ' « tunnelMacchi ãÆ'žãÆ'Æ'ãÆ'  matchMishin ãÆ'Ÿã‚ ·Ã£Æ' ³ sewing machineRuuru ãÆ' «Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ' « ruleReji ãÆ' ¬Ã£â€š ¸ cash registerWaishatsu ãÆ' ¯Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ·Ã£Æ' £Ã£Æ'„ solid colored dress shirt (from white shirt)Baa ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¼ barSutairu ã‚ ¹Ã£â€š ¿Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ' « styleSutoorii ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'ˆãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼ storySumaato ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'žãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ smartAidoru ã‚ ¢Ã£â€š ¤Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' « idol, pop starAisukuriimu ã‚ ¢Ã£â€š ¤Ã£â€š ¹Ã£â€š ¯Ã£Æ' ªÃ£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'   ice creamAnime ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ'‹ãÆ' ¡ animationAnkeeto ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ±Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£Æ'ˆ questionnaire, survey (from French enquete)Baagen ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ²Ã£Æ' ³ a sale at store (from bargain)Bataa ãÆ' Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼ butterBiiru ãÆ'“ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' « beer (from Dutch bier)Booru pen ãÆ'Å"ãÆ' ¼Ã£Æ' «Ã£Æ'šãÆ' ³ ballpoint penDorama ãÆ'‰ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ'ž TV dramaErebeetaa ã‚ ¨Ã£Æ' ¬Ã£Æ'™ãÆ' ¼Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ¼ elevatorFurai ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£â€š ¤ deep fryingFuronto ãÆ'•ãÆ' ­Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ˆ the reception deskGomu ã‚ ´Ã£Æ'   rubber band (from Dutch gom)Handoru ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'‰ãÆ' « handleHankachi ãÆ' Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š «Ã£Æ'  handkerchief Imeeji ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¸ imagejuusu ã‚ ¸Ã£Æ' ¥Ã£Æ' ¼Ã£â€š ¹ juicekokku ã‚ ³Ã£Æ'Æ'ã‚ ¯ cook (from Dutch kok) Nationality is expressed by adding jin ä º º, which literally means person, after the country name. Amerika-jin ã‚ ¢Ã£Æ' ¡Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š «Ã¤ º º AmericanItaria-jin ã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ¿Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¢Ã¤ º º ItalianOranda-jin ã‚ ªÃ£Æ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£Æ'ۊ º º DutchKanada-jin ã‚ «Ã£Æ'ŠãÆ'ۊ º º- CanadianSupein-jin ã‚ ¹Ã£Æ'šã‚ ¤Ã£Æ' ³Ã¤ º º SpanishDoitsu-jin ãÆ'‰ã‚ ¤Ã£Æ'„ä º º GermanyFuransu-jin ãÆ'•ãÆ' ©Ã£Æ' ³Ã£â€š ¹Ã¤ º º French

Major project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major project - Assignment Example as they are bound to provide tips to the employees on ways to excel within the organization, how to communicate properly with management and ensure positive results as well as how to overcome challenges within the organization and improve performance as well. The function is to be held in a location that is easily accessible by the employees as well as the invited guests. It should be in an intimate location away from the workplace which may provide an intense atmosphere hence hindering positive results from the function. Employees who are the main participants of the function should feel comfortable enough to ask questions that will enable them advance their career and improve their performance and communication. The location should be strategic so that people do not have to worry about traffic hence hurrying up the event. After the location has been identified, the next step is to secure the location for the function and start preparation of mapping of the area. Mapping in this case means partitioning of the location into different places according to the goals of the function. An area for the booths should be mapped. The area should not be open to minimize interruptions during sessions with employees and guests. Also on the map should be refreshment locations placed strategically all over the location for easy access. A place for the podium for the debriefing and addressing the beginning of the meeting should be mapped as well as the areas for tables and chairs. Team leaders and managers have a big role in the career development function and hence should be briefed about the progress and preparations. The briefing is important so that they can start making preparations about the people who need to participate in the function. They know the team members and employees under them and hence who will benefit more (Dahlstrom, 2009). The role of managers is to clear schedules for that particular day for these employees as well as ensure they have representatives

Project Planning in Teams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project Planning in Teams - Essay Example This also allows the formation of work breakdown structure and defining the dependencies and relationships. Using the same, network activity diagram can be formulated which assists in identification of critical activities and paths and time for completion of projects i.e. minimum and maximum. (Thayer, 2000). Following up with the same, the essential cost and time factors can be allocated to each activity allowing the final estimate to be calculated for the project on the whole. Once the plan is in its final shape, it is referred to as the baseline of the project that eventually serves as a benchmark for comparison of each activity's completion. Such comparison lead to creation of experience and knowledge which betters the future planning by individuals involved in the process (Fleming, 2005). A specification document is mainly a written foundation that specifies the major set of requirements of a project. These set of specifications are generally vague in nature. Later an agreement is reached between the customer and the vendor that is a refined form of specifications document and has a legal value and it contains in finalized format what actually a customer needs (Pinto, Jun 2006). Structuring a project is rather an essentiality to proceed with the work. Based on the set of requirements agreed upon by the customer, the project manager formulates a structure according to which resources are allocated (Pinto, Jun 2006). Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure or WBS is an important tool in structuring a project that mainly requires breaking a requirement in small bits and pieces that would be later compiled to form the whole of a project. WBS is extremely useful because it defines precisely the requirements of each bit of a project, and secondly, it also assists in formulation of milestones in the project, alongside the ease of having parallel running activities (Pinto, Jun 2006). Task Allocation One the WBS is formed; tasks are allocated to individuals and in

Effective communication in organization Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effective communication in organization - Article Example ional) communication is important to enhance good working relations in the organization which in turn translate to the achievement of the goals and objectives set. Organization capabilities are only achieved in an environment where healthy communication and relationship between individuals is enhanced. In the articles, the SMCR model is emphasized. The SMCR means that there should be a good channel (C) for the message (M) to move from the source (S) to the receiver (R). In an organization therefore, there will be all forms of communication which range from formal to informal. In formal communication, the leaders in the organization design/develop strategies to be used in achieving the objectives. They then construct relevant messages and then using correct channels, they relay it to the members in the organization. Communication will therefore play a significant role in this process. Employees on the other hand mainly communicate informally with each other enhancing their ties in the organization. Both forms are equally important. The evolution of communication is also highlighted in the article especially with the developments in technology playing a significant role in the progress. Organizational communication is significant in developing its culture which plays a major role in achievement of goals

Human resource development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resource development - Essay Example ACC, a Danish company, experimented with a new type of training that was designed to create adult learning associated with the production of a learning organization Initially, the attitudes about the project were quite favourable, however upon launch, participants chosen for the activity found it to be without much merit. This was due to poor communication about the nature of the project, less autonomy and shared decision-making, and the fact that the organisation remained static and would not be changing. This project recommends that there be a new system of training for creating a positive attitude for a learning organisation that include better preliminary communications and also with margin for organisational flexibility. Article overview The article selected for review, â€Å"The learning organization: an undelivered promise†, highlights the activities associated with a year-long training seminar targeting professional employees at a Danish organisation known as Administr ative Case Consideration (ACC). The purpose of the study was to identify the different training methods used to foster a new collaborative learning organisation in which managers could develop new skills as knowledge managers dedicated to promoting learning across the entire staff. The goal was to change employees whilst the organisation, itself, as well as its internal policies and processes, remained static and unchanging. The study’s methodology consisted of professionals being grouped into four work teams, with each portion of training for each team carried out over a three month period. Teams rotated throughout the entire year until the entire organisation had been through the programme. Direct observation by the researcher occurred, therefore validating results significantly as the researcher was able to both participate and interview those involved in the training sessions. Pre- and post-interviews were delivered to the training members to identify whether their attitu des about the training has changed after their three month session was completed. There were four models used in the training, including quality, communications, and generic principles associated with total quality management. The article informs the reader by identifying that such structures are oftentimes socially driven with frustrations caused by limited new skills development. It shows that adult learning is sometimes complex with radical social structures guiding its development and effectiveness, even when social dimensions are not the goal of creating a learning organisation. The advantages of this training were closer interpersonal relationships with colleagues, more so than embracing of the learning organisation concepts. Andragogic approach This study was andragogic in design as it facilitated learning with adult participants. In many ways, it was self-directing, oriented to provide meaningful insight surrounding current problems and tasks associated with ACC, and based o n trust and collaboration. These are necessary to facilitate andragogic learning effectively (Guldem 2009). Since the study did not involve youths, it was not pedagogic in nature and the basis of learning was geared around the elements of adult management and leadership necessary to achieve the goal of promoting a learning organisation. The learning was supposed to be intrinsically motivated, as the preliminary interviews had identified that the majority of participants were initially excited and interested about joining the training structure. However, considerable frustrations occurred in this andragogic effort that will be identified. The model of training used The model used was unique to the environment and activities associated with ACC, however were loosely based on John Dewey’s theory of learning. In this theory, the professionals â€Å"require a preparation to enable them to sense uncertain situations and act upon them by way of inquiry†

Urban Clothing Retail Store Business Plan Essay

Urban Clothing Retail Store Business Plan - Essay Example Converse Texas currently maintains a total population of 18,110 individuals, which is a 54 percent increase from 2000 (city-data.com, 2012). This represents a substantially growing market that continues to improve in population density, thereby attracting a variety of new potential customers, due to improvements in job infrastructure and job availability. To the advantage of Urban Clothing, the median income per household is considerably above the national average at $49,396 per year (city-data.com). Of the total population, Converse Texas maintains 31 percent under the age of 18 and 33.9 percent between 25 and 44. Thus, this represents a significant portion of the total population in the city that could be recruited through inventive marketing concepts for urban-inspired clothing fitting of the youth profile. Additionally, 44.6 percent of total Converse, Texas households maintain a child under the age of 18 (another considerable market opportunity through relationship development in marketing). Globally, clothing retail has witnessed considerable growths since 2009. Clothing retail, as a global whole, grew by three percent since 2005 with volume sales at 8 percent growth (gaapirfrs.com, 2011). Of these sales, women’s outerwear grew 60 percent of the total value sales after 2006, suggesting that Urban Clothing should provide considerably more women’s fashions than men in order to appeal to this diverse group of buyers. In Europe and the United States, clothing retail witnessed the most foot traffic on Mondays and Wednesdays (Goodman, 2011). Therefore, the business will focus on attracting buyers during the weekends, something important for youth buyers who attend school or...This business must be hip, trendy and cater to the lifestyles of younger consumers looking for innovative fashions and this can be done through marketing creativity and by following successful business models for companies that have been able to build lasting relationships wit h young buyers. The organization relies heavily on a high mark-up based on the costs of procurement overseas (supply chain) however much of this cost is offset by the chosen method of supply in foreign low-wage countries. Net income is estimated at $75,000 in the first year of operation after considering all costs of operations. In order to make Urban Clothing work effectively, the sole proprietor will have to ensure that the organization meets all standards of quality, service, and relationship management through marketing and direct sales tactics. Thus, there must be a system of education and training in place so that all members of the sales staff understand the goals and mission of Urban Clothing. Therefore, the burden of training and human resources will have to fall on the owner and be a part of the team-working and sales tactics models. This will require considerable investment on the sole proprietor in order to find total marketing success.